:: List contents of the current directory
dir

:: List contents of the specified directory
dir c:\Users\

:: Basic usage
mkdir <new-directory-name>

:: Alternatively, use md
md new-directory

:: Create a new directory at a specified path
mkdir c:\\temp\test2

:: View built in help page
mkdir /?

notepad somenewfile.txt

del <file-path-or-name>

:: View built in help page
del/?

:: Basic usage - this assumes the directory is empty
rmdir <path-to-directory>

:: See built-in help page for more options
rmdir /?

rmdir /s /q <directory-name>

:: Print contents of a file to console output
type <filename>

:: View built-in help page
type /?

:: Example: Add python to Windows path
SET path=%path%;c:\python27

:: View all environment variables
SET

:: View a specific environment variable e.g. PYTHONPATH
SET PYTHONPATH

:: View build in help page
SET /?

:: Copy file to a new directory
copy <source-file-path> <destination-file-path>

:: View built-in usage guide
copy /?


:: Copy all files and sub-directories to  a new location
> xcopy <source-directory> <destination-directory>

:: View built-in help page
> xcopy /?


:: Move file to a new destination
> MOVE <source-path> <destination-path>

# View help page
> MOVE /?

:: Search for the word 'hello' inside a file named hello.py
type hello.py | findstr /R "hello"


:: Search for all text files in the current directory
dir | findstr /R ".*.txt"


:: See built-in help page for more information
findstr /?

doskey ls=dir

:: ls will now display the contents of the current directory
ls

:: Iterate through a range of numbers
for /l %%i in (1,1,10) do (
    echo %%i
)

:: Iterate through files in a directory
for %%f in (*.txt) do (
    echo %%f
)

:: Iterate through a list of items
for %%item in (item1 item2 item3) do (
    echo %%item
)

:: Check if a file exists
if exist <file-path> (
    echo File exists
) else (
    echo File does not exist
)

:: Check if a directory exists
if exist <directory-path> (
    echo Directory exists
) else (
    echo Directory does not exist
)

:: Compare two values
if <value1> EQU <value2> (
    echo Values are equal
) else (
    echo Values are not equal
)

:: Define a function
:my_function
    echo Hello, World!
    exit /b 0

:: Call a function
call :my_function

:: This is a comment

REM This is also a comment

:: The name of the currently running script
%0

:: The first argument passed to the script
%1


:: The list of all arguments passed to the script
%*

:: The number of arguments passed to the script
%#

:: The current line number
%line%

:: Set a variable
set myvar=hello

:: Print the value of a variable
echo %myvar%

:: Print the value of a variable using delayed expansion
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
echo !myvar!

:: Display the value of an environment variable
echo %variable_name%

:: Assign a value to an environment variable
set variable_name=value

:: View all environment variables
set

:: Combine environment variables in a command
echo %USERPROFILE%\Documents

:: Use environment variables in batch scripts
@echo off
setlocal
set MY_VARIABLE=Hello, World!
echo %MY_VARIABLE%
endlocal

:: Run a batch or powershell script
call <script-name>

:: Or simply
.\<script-name>

:: Run a program or command
start notepad.exe

:: Run a program with elevated privileges (as administrator)
runas /user:Administrator cmd

:: Run a command in the background
start /b <command>

:: Run a command and suppress all output
<command> > nul 2>&1

:: Run a command and redirect output to a file
<command> > output.txt 2> error.txt

:: Display file and folder permissions
icacls <file-or-folder>

:: Grant full control to a user or group
icacls <file-or-folder> /grant User:F

:: Remove permissions for a user or group
icacls <file-or-folder> /remove User

:: View effective permissions for a user
icacls <file-or-folder> /save effective-permissions.txt

:: Check network connectivity with ping
ping google.com

:: Display network configuration
ipconfig /all

:: Manage network connections
netsh interface show interface


:: View built-in help page
netsh /?

:: Display system information
systeminfo

:: Display system uptime
systeminfo | find "System Boot Time"

:: View built-in help page
systeminfo /?

:: Shutdown the system
shutdown /s

:: Restart the system
shutdown /r

:: View built-in help page
shutdown /?

:: Display information about the current user
whoami

:: Display information about all users
net user

:: Create a new user
net user <username> <password> /add

:: Delete a user
net user <username> /delete

:: View built-in help page
net /?

:: Copy a file to another location
copy <source-file> <destination>

:: Move or rename a file
move <source> <destination>
rename <current-name> <new-name>

:: Delete a file
del <file-name>

:: View the contents of a text file
type <file-name>

:: View contents of a large file page by page
more <file-name>

:: Display file and folder attributes
attrib <file-or-folder>

:: Find files by their attributes
dir /a:<attributes>

:: Find and replace text in a file
findstr /i /c:"search-text" <file-name> > output.txt

:: Compare two text files
fc <file1> <file2>